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英语的句子的结构_英语中的句子结构以及定义
tamoadmin 2024-09-19 人已围观
简介1.如何分析英语中一句子的结构,如名词作主语之类的?2.英语句子的组成部分的解析3.英语句子的基本结构?4.英语中最基本的五种句子结构是什么?英语句子成分有下列九种:一、主语:由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。二、谓语:谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。三、宾语:宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面四、定语:定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或
1.如何分析英语中一句子的结构,如名词作主语之类的?
2.英语句子的组成部分的解析
3.英语句子的基本结构?
4.英语中最基本的五种句子结构是什么?
英语句子成分有下列九种:
一、主语:由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
二、谓语:谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。
三、宾语:宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面
四、定语:定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。
五、状语:状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
六、补语:补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。
七、表语:表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。
八、同位语:一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语.
九、独立成分:与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系称为独立成分
如何分析英语中一句子的结构,如名词作主语之类的?
英语语法看上去很复杂,很多句型要记,但其实只要深入研究,就会发现其实也不过是围绕这五个基本句子来展开,分别是:
S十V主谓结构?
S十V十p主系表结构?
S十V十O主谓宾结构?
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构?
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构?
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语?
五个基本句式详细解释如下:?
1.S十V句式?
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如:?
He runs quickly.?
他跑得快。?
They listened carefully.?
他们听得很仔细。?
He suffered from cold and hunger.?
他挨冻受饿。?
China belongs to the third world country.?
中国属于第三世界国家。?
The gas has given out.?
煤气用完了。?
My ink has run out.?
我的钢笔水用完了。?
2.S十V十P句式?
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,ear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:?
He is older than he looks.?
他比看上去要老。?
He seen interested in the book.?
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。?
The story sounds interesting.?
这个故事听起来有趣。?
The desk feels hard.?
书桌摸起来很硬。?
The cake tastes nice.?
饼尝起来很香。?
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.?
花闻起来香甜。?
You he grown taller than before.?
你长得比以前高了。?
He has suddenly fallen ill.?
他突然病倒了。?
He stood quite still.?
他静静地站看。?
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.?
他长大后当了教师。?
He could never turn traitor to his country.?
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。?
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如:?
He looked me up and down.?
他上下打量我。?
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.?
他伸出手来摸象。?
They are tasting the fish.?
他们在品尝鱼。?
They grow rice in their home town.?
他们在家乡种水稻。?
He‘s got a chair to sit on.?
他有椅子坐。?
Please turn the sentence into English.?
请把这个句于泽成英语。?
3.S十V十O句式?
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:?
I saw a film yesterday.?
我昨天看了一部**。?
He you read the story?
你读过这个故事吗?
They found their home easily.?
他们很容易找到他们的家。?
They built a house last year.?
他们去年建了一所房子。?
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.?
他们在村里建了一座工厂。?
They he taken good care of the children.?
这些孩子他们照看得很好。?
You should look after your children well.?
你应该好好照看你的孩子。?
4.S十V十O1十O2句式?
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:?
He ge me a book/a book to me.?
他给我一本书。?
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.?
他带给我一枝钢笔。?
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.?
他把座位让给我。?
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:?
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.?
妈妈给我买了一本书。?
He got me a chair/a chair for me.?
他给我弄了一把椅子。?
Please do me a for/a for for me.?
请帮我一下。?
He asked me a question/a question of me.?
他问我个问题。?
注意,下边动词只有一种说法:?
They robbed the old man of his money.?
他们抢了老人的钱。?
He‘s warned me of the danger.?
他警告我注意危险。?
The doctor has cured him of his disease.?
医生治好了他的病。?
We must rid the house of th erats.?
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。?
They deprived him of his right to speak.?
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。?
5.S十V十O十C句式?
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。?
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。?
They made the girl angry.?
他们使这个女孩生气了。?
They found her hy that day.?
他们发现那天她很高兴。?
I found him out.?
我发现他出去了。?
I saw him in.?
我见他在家。?
They saw a foot mark in the sand.?
他们发现沙地上有脚印。?
They named the boy Charlie.?
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。?
I saw him come in and go out.?
我见他进来又出去。?
They felt the car moving fast.?
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。?
I heard the glass broken just now.?
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。?
He found the doctor of study closed to him.?
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
英语句子的组成部分的解析
1主语就是发起动作的人或物,由名词,名词性短语或代词构成
2谓语就是动作,动词或动词短语
3宾语就是承受动作的人或物,由名词,名词性短语或代词构成
4定语就是修饰句中名词的成分,可以是形容词做定语,也可以是定语从句
5状语就是修饰谓语动词的,例如说明动作是说明时候发生的,就是时间状语;动作是怎样发生的就是方式状语,还有地点状语等,由副词构成,以及9种状语从句
6补语就是做补充说明成分的,补充说明主语的是主语补语,补充说明宾语的是宾语补语
The pretty girl sings songs on the stage every Sunday.
4 1 2 3 ( 5 )( 5 )
English drives me mad.
1 2 3 6
希望能帮到你!
英语句子的基本结构?
Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分.句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分.▲句子成分分类1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”.一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如:讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.▲ 在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间.如:There are some bottles of milk in the box.▲ 在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语.如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house.2.谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致.如:He is very generous.She looks very smart and coolWe he finished the job.He can speak German.3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面. 形容词作表语You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are at the theatre.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.4.宾语▲宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面.有时,会有双宾语.如:名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.代词做宾语He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time.▲直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是及物动词的对象.但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当.如:We brought them some food.主 谓 间宾 直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to 或 for.5.宾语的补足语 在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思.我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语.复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思.名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.形容词作宾补Don’t make your hands dirty.副词作宾补We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.带to的不定式作宾补The boy ordered the dog to lie down.现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.在英语中,常见的“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构有:▲“宾语+名词”.常用于改结构的动词有:call, name, make, find, choose, think, lee等. We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor.▲“宾语+形容词”.常见的动词有think, believe, lee, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等.如:Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean.We can’t lee him alone.Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?▲“宾语+副词”.副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系.常见的副词有:down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等.如: Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.▲“宾语+介词短语”.介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态,两者有主表的关系.如: We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend.He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.▲“宾语+不定式”.充当宾补的不定式有三种: A 要求带to的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.▲“宾语+现在分词”.现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系. I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”.宾语和宾补之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动和完成. I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.▲ 形式宾语+形容词 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.▲宾语+what 从句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.6.定语▲ 定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语.因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语.如: 形容词作定语 The black bike is mine. 代词作定语 What’s your name?名词作定语They made some paper flowers.介词短语作定语 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短语 I he lots to eat and drink.从句作定语 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.▲ 在英语中,并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面,有的是放在被修饰词的后面,故称“后置定语”.▲ 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置.如: We’ll go to he something English. If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else. Do you he anything important to tell me?▲介词短语作定语时要后置.如: Do you know the boy behind the tree?
The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置 What about something to drink? I he no time to trel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.注 动词不定式作主语时,to 后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语.如果时短语时,那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的. Do you he any piece of music to listen to? ▲nearby, below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置.如:We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below?The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.7.状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当.状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首、句中.如: He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well.
英语中最基本的五种句子结构是什么?
一、简单句
基本形式:简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来,如五大基本句型:
(1)主语+谓语(s.+predicate),这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词。
(2)主语+系动词+表语(s.+link v.+predicative),这种句型称为主系表结构,其实联系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,系动词与表语一起构成了复合谓语。
(3)主语+谓语+宾语(s.+predicate+o.),这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,它的谓语一般多是及物动词。
(4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(s.+predicate+oi.+od.),这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构,其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词,两个宾语一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语,
(5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s.+predicate+o.+o.c.),这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构,其补语是宾语补语,与宾语一起即构成复合宾语。
二、并列句
两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。
三、复合句
复杂句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
1)名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
2)主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
⑴It + be + 名词+ that从句
⑵It + be + 形容词+ that从句
⑶It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句
⑷It +不及物动词+ that 从句
3)宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
4)表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于联系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语+ 系动词+ that从句。
5)同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、dou、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
S+V是主谓
S+V+DO 是主谓加双宾
S+V+P是主谓宾
S(主语)+V(谓语)+ I(间接宾语)+D(直接宾语)
S(主语)+V(动词)+O (宾语)+Complement(补语)
下面是讲解
1. Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:ear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disear, exist, fall, hen, rise,等等。如:
The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident hened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。
2. Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, ear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如:
Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。
We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。
This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如:
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
Don't he the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物,已经变质了。
The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。
3. Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:
You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。
She lost the chance to make her earance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。
I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。
4. Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。如:
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:1)动词 + 宾语 + for sb.; 2)动词 + 宾语+to sb.。如:
Please show me your picture.
-Please show your picture to me.
请把你的画给我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don?t lose heart.
—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。
5. Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的宾语+ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:
Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。
He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。
We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。
His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
注意:动词he, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:
The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。