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现在完成时的句子构成_现在完成时的句型结构和例句
tamoadmin 2024-09-09 人已围观
简介1.现在完成时态的结构及用法2.现在完成时(总结)3.现在完成时和现在完成的被动语态有什么区别4.现在完成时态的时态结构5.现在完成时句子结构(1) 与讨论如何正确使用现在完成时相比,当我们谈起美国大学的生活时,他们显得更为兴奋。(2) 谈论过去的其对现在不重要,不用现在完成时。(3) 我们使用现在完成时谈论发生在过去某个不确定的时间的事情。(4) 有时一般过去时和现在完成时是混淆的。(5)?现在
1.现在完成时态的结构及用法
2.现在完成时(总结)
3.现在完成时和现在完成的被动语态有什么区别
4.现在完成时态的时态结构
5.现在完成时句子结构
(1) 与讨论如何正确使用现在完成时相比,当我们谈起美国大学的生活时,他们显得更为兴奋。
(2) 谈论过去的其对现在不重要,不用现在完成时。
(3) 我们使用现在完成时谈论发生在过去某个不确定的时间的事情。
(4) 有时一般过去时和现在完成时是混淆的。
(5)?现在完成时总是一类现在时态。
(6) 要谈论行为或状态其始于过去而持续到现在,经常使用现在完成时表现过去和现在之间的连接。
(7)?现在完成时总是和现在有关,所以它不能和表示过去时间的说法如“昨天”,“去年”等一道用。
(8) 解释并举例说明现在完成时态的用法.
(9) 这是一个了解一般过去时和现在完成时之间区别的关键。
(10) 那些练习是考查一般过去时和现在完成时的。
现在完成时态的结构及用法
现在完成时的句型结构
①肯定句:主语+ he/has+ 过去分词
②否定句:主语+ he/has+ not+过去分词
③疑问句:He/Has +主语+过去分词
Jared has been off work since last Thursdday.
.Jared上星期四之後就没来上班了.
He has been sick for a whole week!
他已经病了整整一个星期
I he not been back to Hong Kong since 19.
自19年之後我就没再回香港了.
He left home at 18 and hasn't been back since.
他18歳就离开家,从那时起就没再回去过.
He has felt better since he stopped smoking.
他戒菸後就觉得好多了
Kevin has just moved here from Japan.
Kevin刚从日本搬来
Beth hasn't visited us lately.
Beth最近都没来看我们
My boss has told me several times that I will be getting a raise, but I hen't received one yet.
我老板跟我说了很多次要给我加薪, 但到现在一次没有
He you ever eaten there?
你有在那里吃过吗?
O(∩_∩)O~
现在完成时(总结)
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
1、现在完成时态的结构
(1)现在完成时是由“助动词he/has+动词过去分词”构成。当主语是第三人称单数的时候,助动词要用has,其余都用he。
(2)现在完成时经常与“for+一段时间”,“in the last/past+一段时间” 或者是“since+时间点/谓语动词为一般过去时的句子” 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3)与现在完成时连用的副词常见的有already、just、yet、ever、never、before等。
2、现在完成时态的用法
(1)现在完成时表示影响:过去发生的动作在过去已经完成;过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果;说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。
(2)现在完成时表示持续:过去发生的动作或开始的状语在过去并未完成或结束;到现在依旧持续;未来可能继续或到此结束。
(3)现在完成时表示重复:过去到现在不断重复发生的动作或情况;可能继续;可能到此结束。
(4)现在完成时表示将来:可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。
现在完成时态的例句:
1、Someone has broken the window.?
有人把窗户打破了。
2、He has worked for us ever since he left school.
自从他离开学校就一直在我们这儿工作。
3、My father has always gone to work by bike.
父亲总是骑自行车上班。
4、When you he rested, I’ll show you the garden.
等你休息好了,我带你去逛公园。
现在完成时和现在完成的被动语态有什么区别
1, 现在完成时的构成
肯定式 he / has + 过去分词
否定式 he / has not + 过去分词
疑问式 he / has + 主语+ 过去分词
2现在完成时的用法
① 表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:
-He you had lunch yet? -Yes, I he. I've just had it.
你(已经)吃午饭了吗? 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
② 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动 作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间 的状语。
如:He has taught here since 1981
他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)
I hen’t seen her for four years.
3 现在完成时用法总结
⑴ 与时间状语 so far, till now, up to now, for + 一段时间, before, ever, never, recently, just, already, yet 等时间状语的句子中, 谓语常用现在完成时.
I he planted four trees so far.
He you ever been to Europe before?
I he learned English for three years.
She has not yet studied French well.
⑵ 用在特定句型中
ⅰThis /It is the first /second…/last time (that) …” that 常省略, 表示“这是某人第几次做某事” 常常用完成时态. 如果主句用一般现在时, 从句用现在完成时。主句用一般过去时 , 从句用过去完成时。
It is the third time that I he seen the film.
It is my first time that I he been to Shanghai.
It was the first time I had seen a fantasy film.
ⅱ It is / has been… since… 句型中, 主句常用现在完成时,但since从句用一般过去时.
It has been three years since she graduated from Beijing University.
自她北大毕业以来已经三年了.
ⅲThis is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to. 被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句中,一般用完成时态。
This is the most delicious food I’ve ever eaten. 这是我所吃过的最美味的食物。
She is the most beautiful girl I’ve seen.
她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘
⑶ 与时间状语in the past 连用时, 谓语常用过去时, 而与 in/over/during the past/last +数词+时间名词连用时常用现在完成时.
In the past three years, we he stayed together all the time.
In the past century, has become the most popular sport in the world.
⑷ 也有一些句子无明显的时间状语, 也要用现在完成时,此时要根据上下文的意思来判断.
He you passed your driving test?
4现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆,其区别是:前者强调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去:
I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)
I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)
He has bought a house. 他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)
He bought a house ten years ago. 他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)
NOTE 注意几点.
1, 英语中的动词按照动作发生时间的长短可以分为延续性动词和非延续性动词. 前者包括 keep, lie, live, read, sleep, stand, stand, stay, wait, walk, work and so on. 后者包括 arrive, begin, borrow, buy, close, come, get to, go ,put, open, reach and so on.
2, 现在完成时的句子中, 当出现表示 “一段时间” 的状语时,如for three years, in the past three years, since 2005, 谓语只能是延续性动词.
She has worked in that factory for five years.
He has lived in Shenzhen since 2002.
3, 非延续性动词用于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成. 它不能跟段时间. 但它的否定式可以跟段时间状语连用.
Tom has left Beijing for Guangzhou.
He has borrowed a pen from me .
Tom hasn’t left Beijing since he came to this city in 2004.
They hen’t bought any new furniture since they moved to Shanghai.
4, he been(to)与he gone( to)的区别:he been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;he gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never, several times等连用,后者则不能。
如:They he been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
5, 如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。
如:It is two years since his father died.
=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
现在完成时态的时态结构
一、完成时被动语态的构成,以 work 为例:
work 的完成时:he worked (表示完成的助动词 he + 过去分词)
work 的被动语态:be worked (表示被动的助动词 be + 过去分词)
完成时被动语态: he + been worked(就是说,把表示完成的助动词 he 放在被动语态前,由于 he 要求后面的动词是过去分词,因此被动语态的助动词 be 就需要变成相应的过去分词 been,即“表示完成的助动词 he + 表示被动的助动词 been + 过去分词”)
二、结构上的共同点与不同点
1、共同点:二者都由助动词he + 过去分词构成
主动语态:he done (he + do 的过去分词 done)
被动语态:he beendone (he + be 的过去分词 been +done)
2、不同点:
主动语态中只有一个表示完成的助动词 he;
被动语态中的既有表示完成的助动词 he,还有 表示被动的助动词 been
三、意思上区别
主动语态表示“已经做过某事”,被动语态表示“某事已经被做过”。如:
四、句子结构的区别
主动语态构成是:主语(行为者)+ he + 过去分词 + 宾语(行为对象)
被动语态构成是:主语(行为对象)+ he + been + 过去分词 + by + 介词宾语(行为者)
——主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语,主动语态的主语变成被动语态中介词 b 的宾语
例如:
We he done the job. 我们已经做完了那件工作。
The job has been done by us. 那件工作已经被我们做完。
He has got a CD for his birthday. 他收到一张作为生日礼物的 CD 。
A CD has been got for his birthday (by him)。一张作为生日礼物的 CD 已经(被他)收到。
现在完成时句子结构
现在完成时由“he/has+过去分词”构成,主要有两个含义:
①表示动作发生在过去,对现在有影响,有时无时间状语,有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如:many times,just,yet,ever,never,already,before,so far, by now等连用。
②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作,用于延续性动词,且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语,如:since + 时间点/从句,for two months, so far等。
二 、1)现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作,但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响,并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去;2)而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系,仅表示过去的动作,且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如:in1949,yesterday,last week等的状语连用,并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时,一般只用一般过去时。 在“it is the first/second...time that...。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that...。”结构中,that从句中的动词常用现在完成时;表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。在“it + be...+since从句”这一结构中,be可用一般现在时或现在完成时,since从句一般用过去时。he/has/had +been +动词的现在进行时。 1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是result (结果)。
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, lee, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例:
I saw this film yesterday.
(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I he seen this film.
(强调对现在的影响,**的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I he finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I he visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is the… that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的**。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. was B. he been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
---No, it's the first time I ___ here. even, come B. even, he come C. ever, come D. ever, he come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I he ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I he received his letter for a month.
(对)I hen't received his letter for almost a month.
比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I he lived here for more than twenty years.
I he lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields he been opened up since 16.
I he known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I he not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.
(我现在已不在这里工作。)
I he worked here for many years.
(现在我仍在这里工作。)
小窍门:当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。 (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. (错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.
一.现在完成时的定义:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
二.现在完成时的结构:助动词he/has+动词的过去分词。
(冉老师有话说:当主语是第三人称时,助动词选择has,其他情况都用he)
例如:She has had lunch,so she is not hungry now.她已经吃过午餐了。
(冉老师有话说:题目中的第一个has为现在完成时的助动词,因为she为单数第三人称,所以选用has。第二个had为he lunch“吃午餐”的固定搭配。助动词后面要求加动词的过去分词,had为he的过去分词。“她”之前已经吃过午餐了,所以造成对现在的影响是“不饿”。)
We he seen that film before.之前我们已经看过那部**了。
(冉老师有话说:before暗示是过去发生的动作,现在完成时的结构是”助动词he+动词的过去分词seen“。题目反馈的意思是,因为“我们之前已经看过那部**了”对现在造成的影响可能是不想再去看了,或者是知道**里面的剧情等等。