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初中英语句子结构类型_初中英语句子结构及句型细致讲解技巧
tamoadmin 2024-08-21 人已围观
简介1.初中英语句子成分分析2.初中少儿英语常见的九大基本句型3.初中英语句子成分分析法4.初中英语作文万能句型句子(三篇)5.初中生有哪些学习英文语法的技巧?6.初中英语语法教学讲解中的一些方法和技巧?7.初中英语句子成分例句及详解 复合句 复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成
1.初中英语句子成分分析
2.初中少儿英语常见的九大基本句型
3.初中英语句子成分分析法
4.初中英语作文万能句型句子(三篇)
5.初中生有哪些学习英文语法的技巧?
6.初中英语语法教学讲解中的一些方法和技巧?
7.初中英语句子成分例句及详解
复合句
复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。
从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。
宾语从句的语法意义及结构
语法意义: 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句通常由连词(that, whether, if)、连接代词(which, what, who, whose, whom)或连接副词(where, how, when, why)等引导。及物动词、介词或某些系表结构后可带宾语从句。
句型结构: 主语+谓语+引导词+主语+谓语(+其他成分)
结果状语从句
连词有:so … that, such … that
(1) so...that"如此……以致",that在非正式文体中可以省略,so后面接形容词或副词。如:
She spoke __________ fast ___________ nobody could catch what she was saying.
她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
There is _________ little time left _________ I he to tell you about it later.
现在剩下的时间不多了,我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
(2) such...that"如此……以致",
具体内 容是:①such +形容词+名词+that从句。其中的'名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数,也可以是不可数名词。
② such +a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句,可换成so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。如:
The Japanese student made _________ rapid progress __________ he soon began to write article in Chinese.
那个日本留学生进步很快,不久就开始用中文写文章了。
The professor told us __________________________ all the students laughed.
=___________________________________________________________________________.
教授讲了个很有趣的故事,(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
She is _________ beautiful __________ everyone likes her.
= ___________________________________________________________________________.
英语定语从句知识点:限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。
2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
3. 先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:
1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.
2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.
初中英语知识点总结:
1. Why don’t you do sth.?
2. make sb. Hy
3. borrow sth. from sb.
4. forget to do sth.
5. pay fro sth.
6. return sth. To sb.
7. learn sth. from sb.
8. be famous for sth.
9. No matter what…
10. be with sb.
11. go on doing sth.
12. speak highly of sb.
13. keep doing sth.
14. allow sb. To do sth.
15. encourage sb. to do sth.
16. It is said that…
初中英语句子成分分析
1简单句、并列句、复合句
根据语法形式,即句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1简单句
句型:主语+谓语
只包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型,详见第十七章。
They are playing baseball in the garden.
他们正在公园里打棒球。
Her brother and sister both are teachers.
她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。
2并列句
句型:简单句+并列连词+简单句
(常见的并列连词有and,but,or)
并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。
My friend was at home, and we talked for along time.
我的朋友在家,我们谈了好长时间。
Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.
她父亲是个医生,她母亲是个老师。
I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.
我非常喜欢这个故事,可是李明却对它不感兴趣。
Hurry up,or you'll be late.
快点,否则你就会迟到的。
3 复合句
句型:主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句,或只包含一个从句,但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。)
初中少儿英语常见的九大基本句型
掌握英语 句子 结构,才能更准确的理解英语句子的意思并正确写出,也有利于提高中学生的 英语阅读 能力和写作水平。下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分,欢迎阅读!
初中英语句子成分精选
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解
英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词 造句 ,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。
请同学们认真阅读下面的问答,我相信它一定会对同学们起到抛砖引玉的作用。
问什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?
答组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
问各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及 短语 充当?
答
1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:
The car is running fast.(名词)
We are students.(代词)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
注意若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如:
He works in a factory.(实义动词)
I felt cold.(系动词+表语)
How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)
Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)
They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)
注意谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如: He is doing his homework.(名词)
They did nothing this morning.(代词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
注意①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,lee等。如:
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如:
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose,care等。如:
I hope to see you again.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest,keep(on)等。如:
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forget to do表示?未发生的动作?,forget doing表示?已完成的动作?。如: Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示?停下
原来的事,去做另一件事?,stop doing表示?停止做某事?。如:
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)
4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如: What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
We he something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
注意定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。
5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:
Thank you very much.(副词)
I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
We were hing breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
注意enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
The story is very interesting.(形容词)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
I feel terrible.(形容词)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
7.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach, ask,see,he,order,make等。?宾补?一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如:
We elected him monitor.(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)
He is going to he his hair cut.(过去分词)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)
初中英语句子成分学习
英语句子成分结构详解
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
(一)主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
Two and two is four.
To be a teacher is my dream.
Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.
2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, ear, hen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等)
3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是?代词宾格?,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。
eg:I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
I like swimming.
I like to swim this afternoon.
(二)主系表结构:
1、主语:同?主谓宾?结构。
2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,he been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear, see等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。
(1)当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达?转变为?之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好。
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
I feel good.我感觉好。
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构:
There be 表示?存在有?。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词?there那里?混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示?(存在)有某事物?
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词?那里?。
二、定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用的?表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
(一)形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
(二)数词作定语相当于形容词:
Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
(四)介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
(五)名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
(六)分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
(七) 定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。
三、状语
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成?男孩喊教室里的女孩?(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为?男孩在教室里喊女孩(此时?in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作?In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'
(一)副词(短语)作状语:
The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
(二)介词短语作状语:
In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语) Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
(三)分词(短语)作状语:
He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Hing to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)
(四)不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
(五)名词作状语:
Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)
(六)状语从句:
时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语:
(一)特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
(二)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
eg:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr.
五、宾语补足语
位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
(一)名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.
(二)名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新 方法 使这项工作变得轻松.
(三)名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.
(四)名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.
(五)名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
六、同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如: We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批?学生?) We all are students. (all是we的同位语,都指同样的?我们?)
七、独立成分
有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。
感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个 故事 还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。
八、分词独立结构
分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结
构。
例:错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,hing been.不过?There being...?的场合不能省略.
如:
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如:
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做,他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
初中英语句子成分分析法
一、简单句的九大基本句型
1. ?主语 + 谓语?(即?主谓?句型)
这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明?某人或某物如何动作?,或者说?某人或某物自身怎样运动?。
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.
分析:?他们?(主语)?到了?(谓语动作)。
The earth turns around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。
2. ?主语 + 谓语 + 宾语?(即?主谓宾?句型)
这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明?某人或某物做什么事情?,或者说?某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物?。
例:I study English.
分析:?我?(主语)?学习?(谓语动作)?英语?(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。
3. ?主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语?(即?主谓双宾?句型)
这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明?某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事?,或者说?某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物?。
例:Our teacher taught us English.
分析:?我们的老师?(主语)?教?(谓语动作)?我们?(间接宾语)?英语?(直接宾语)。
4. ?主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语?(即?主谓宾补?句型)
这一句型说明?某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么?或?某人感觉某人或物怎么样?。
例: He asked her to go there.
分析:?他?(主语)?要求?(谓语动作)?她?(宾语即动作涉及的对象)?去那里?(补语?补充说明宾语应做什么)。
5. ?主语 + he + 宾语?(即?拥有?句型)
这一句型主要用于说明?某人或某物拥有什么(宾语,即有形或无形的)?。
例: You he a nice watch. 你有一块漂亮的手表
分析:?你?拥有一块漂亮的手表,即你拥有一个可以及时且漂亮的器具。
6. ?There + be + 主语+ ?(即?存在?句型)
这一句型用以说明?在某地或某时存在某人或物?。
例:There is a bird in the tree. 在树上有一只鸟。
分析:?在树上?(地点)?有一只鸟?(存在物)。
7. ?主语 + 系动词+ 表语?(即?主系表?句型)
这一句型用以说明?某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态?。汉语的?是?字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。常用的联系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。
例: I am a teacher. 我是一名老师
分析:?我?(主语)?是?(系动词)?一名老师?(表语?即表明主语的身份)。
She felt very tired. 她感觉到很累。
He became an engineer.他成为了一名工程师。
You look pale today, are you ill? 你今天脸色看起来苍白,病了吗?
8. 比较句型
这一句型用以比较物质甲与乙之间的异同。
1) 相等比较: ?as + 形容词/副词原级 + as?;
as + 形容词+名词 + as?例:He is as rich as John.他和约翰一样富有。
例:He has as much money as she does.他和她的钱一样多
2) 劣等比较: ?less + 形容词/副词原级 + than ?
例:He is less careful than she. 他没她细心。
3) 优等比较:?+ 形容词/副词比较级 + than? ;
the + 形容词/副词比较级 + of the two?例:She is more careful than he.她比他细心多了。
例: He is the cleverer of the two boys.两个男孩中他更聪明些。
4)最高级:the + 形容词/副词最高级(单数名词或one)+ {of(among) + 人或物}
{in + 场所}
例: He is the tallest in the class.他是班上最高的。
9. ?it + is/was + 形容词 + to do/从句?(即评价句型)
这一句型用于说明?某一动作或事情属于什么性质或具有什么特征?。即对某一动作或事情进行评价。(这里it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 to do 结构或 that 从句)
例:It is important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语很重要。
分析:本句重在说明?学习一门外语?(to learn a foreign language)这一动作的性质是?重要的?。
巩固性练习
请判断下列句子的结构类型
1.He is running.
2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.
3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4.She seemed angry.
5.My father bought me a beautiful present.
6.Why do you keep your eyes closed?
7.Will you tell us an exciting story?
8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.
10.Can you push the window open?
答案:
1.主语---动词
2.主语---动词---宾语---补语
3.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
4.主语---动词----表语
5.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
6.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
7.主语---动词---宾语---补语
8.主语---动词---宾语---补语
9.主语---动词---宾语---补语
10.主语---动词---宾语---补语
初中英语作文万能句型句子(三篇)
英语句子是英语对话和文章的基础。下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分分析,欢迎阅读!
初中英语句子成分分析精选
句子是由各种词类按照一定的语法规则组成的,可以表达完整的概念。句子开头第一个字母一定要大写,结尾要注明标点符号。
一、句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语直接宾语和间接宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体,表语、宾语和宾语 补足语是谓语的组成部分,其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
1 主语 表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任。主语要放在句首。
To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事,做是另一回事。不定式作主语 What you said hurt me badly. 你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。从句作主语
2 谓语 起著说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用,必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致,通常在主语之后。谓语通常有三个表现形式:
1动词或动词短语作谓语
He studies hard. 他学习很努力。 The performance has already begun.演出已经开始。
2谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语
They are picking les. 他们正在摘苹果。 He made us laugh heily.他使我们大笑不止。
3连系动词和表语作谓语 Her mother is an inspector. 她的母亲是一位检查官。
It is getting dark. 天色渐渐地黑了下来。
He is feeling well. 他现在感觉身体很好。
句子成分巧划分 :主在前,谓在中,宾语、状语后面冲。短语定语主宾后,形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依,直、间之间to、for连,宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。
3 表语 用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态,可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不定式 以及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任,表语要放在连系动词之后。
Her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes. 她的工作是洗这些床单和衣服。不定式作表语 Teaching is learning. 教学相长。动名词作表语
4 宾语 是及物动词所示动作的物件或介词的物件,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、 短语及从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词及物动词或介词之后。
Do you enjoy living here? 你愿意住在这里吗? 动名词作宾语
I want only one. 我只要一个。数词作宾语
I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。从句作宾语
注意:①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语即直接宾语和间接宾语, 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。这一类动词有:bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, s end, read, lee, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay等。
She showed me a few magazines. 她拿出了一些杂志给我看。
I promised her a wonderful present on her birthday .我答应在她生日那天给她一件奇妙的礼物。
②在需要的情况下,间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后,但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词。 She made me a sweater. She made a sweater for me. 她给我织了一件毛衣。
He left her three children. He left three children to her 他给她留下三个孩子。
③有些及物动词的后面,其宾语还需要有一个补足语,才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。
The couple named the baby Mary.名词作宾 补 这对夫妻给孩子取名叫玛丽。
He made her unhy. 他使她很不高兴。形容词作宾补
“Let me out!” The boy cried. “让我出去!”那男孩喊道。副词作宾补
She saw a man in front of the gate. 她看见门外有一个男人。介词短语作宾补
She often helps me do the housework. 她经常帮助我做家务。不定式作宾补
I kept you waiting for half an hour. 我让你等了半个小时。动名词作宾补
5 状语
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方 式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短 语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。
She drove fast.副词作状语 她把车开得飞快。
There is a shelter under the post office.
在邮局的地底下,有一个掩蔽所。介词短语作状语
To liberate our country, they devoted their lives.
为了解放祖国,他们献出了生命。不定式短语作状语
Seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees.
那人一看见年迈的母亲就跑上前去跪倒在她面前。分词短语作状语
It was blowing hard when she was on her way home yesterday.
昨天她回家的路上,风刮得正大。从句作状语
6 定语
定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副 词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活,凡有名词和代词 的地方都可以有定语。
The man outside the teacher's office is his father.办公室外面的那人是他的父亲。介词短语作定语 I'll he a lot of clothes to wash this Saturday. 这个星期六我要洗好多衣服。不定式作定语 Will you say something about your trelling experience? 动名词作定语
The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.从句作定语正在台上演唱的那女人是她姑姑。
二、句子的种类
一、简单句
简单句只包含一个主谓结构,并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成,不包含任何从句。有五种基本句型。
1.主语+谓语不及物动词
The new term begins. 新学期开始了。
2.主语+谓语及物动词+宾语
The girl is learning to play the piano. 这个女孩在学弹钢琴。
3.主语+连系动词+表语
The rice got burned。 饭焖煳了。
4.主语+谓语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。
5. 主语+谓语及物动词+宾语+宾语补语
We all believed you honest. 我们都认为你是诚实的。
二、并列句简单句+连词+简单句
并列句是由两个或多个简单句连线而成的。其中的各个简单句并列平行,同等重要,相互之 间没有从属关系,能够独立成句。它们之间要用连词连线。并列句可分为四种:
1.表示相同关系 用连词或逗号、分号连线构成并列句。常用连词有:and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...
Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high. 苏姗不但跑得快,而且跳得高。
I could neither swim nor skate. 我既不会游泳,也不会滑冰。
2.表示转折关系 常用连词有:but, still, yet, while等。
It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.夜已深了,但是他还在继续做作业。
She was busy cooking while they were watching TV.她忙着做饭,而他们却在看电视。
The film is not perfect, still, it's good.这部影片虽然不是无可挑剔,但还是好的。
3.表示选择关系 常用连词为:or, either...or...。
The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.老师要见一下他的父亲或是母亲。
Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.这条路或那条路都通往那家医院。
Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.
4.表示因果关系 常用连词有for和so。
We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train to lee.
我们急忙赶往车站,因为火车很快就要开了。
The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went did.老师让苏姗到她那去,因此她就去了。
三、复合句主句+连词+从句
包含一个主句,一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分,如主语,表语,宾语,定语,状语等。中考主要考宾语、定语、状语从句。注意引导词、语序和时态。
初中英语句子成分分析练习
巩固练习 同义句转换
1.There is only a chair in the room.同义句转换
There is _________ _________a chair in the room..
2. Mrs.Smith is busy. She is doing her housework now.
Mrs.Smith is_________ _________ her housework now.
3.The teacher said,“Don’t cheat in exams,children!”
The teacher told the children _________ _________ cheat in exams.
4.Nick was so tired that he couldn’t walk any further. 全品中考网
Nick was _____________________________ any further.
5.We can’t finish the project on time unless you support us.
The project can’t be finished on time ______________________________.
6.Shall we watch the exciting ping-pong match together?
______________________________watch the exciting ping-pong match together?
7.My cousin usually walks to school every morning. 改为同义句
My cousin usually goes to school _________ _________ every morning. 对划线部分提问
__________ _________is your friend?
9. “Are you going to visit Zi Gong next Week?”Father asked me.改为间接引语
Father asked me __________I________going to visit Zi Gong next week. 对划线部分提问
___________ _________you use to stay on family holidays?
11.James spent ten years making this amazing film保持句意基本不变
__________ _________James ten years to make this amazing film.
12.Chris has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.
Karen has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup, too. 合并为一句
_________Chris _________Karen he gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.
13.Visitors love this city because it has historical sights and delicious food.改为简单句
Visitors love this city__________ _________its historical sights and delicious food.
14. 对划线部分提问
___________________from Fukang to Unmnqi by bus? 对划线部分提问
_______________this new puter __________________?
16、不同句子结构的转换,主要指简单句、并列句和复合句间的转换
1We found him a good pupil. We found _______ ______ _______ a good pupil.
2The room is so *** all that my family can't live in it.
The room isn't ______ _______ ____ my family ___ live in.
The room is ______ *** all ________ my family _______ live in.
3His grandfather died ten years ago. It ____ ten years ___ his grandfather ______ .
4I'm not sure what I should do next. I'm not sure _____ ___ ____ next.
5Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. ___ you ___ hurry up, you'll miss the train.
17、根据句意的转换
1 Yesterday everyone of us went to the farm except Lucy.
________ Lucy _______ go to the farm with us yesterday.
2Sam is friendly to his clas *** ates and his clas *** ates are friendly to him.
Sam _______ ______ well with his clas *** ates.
3Lily was born ten minutes earlier than I was. I am ten minutes _______ than Lily.
4English is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.
English _____ the largest number of ________ in the world.
5It's your turn to do it. It's _____ ____ you to do it.
6 It rained heily last night. There ______ _____ _____ last night.
7 The building is beautiful and there are many tall trees around it.
The building _____ many tall trees all _______ is beautiful.
8 I spent two hours reading the book yesterday.
_____ ______ me two hours ______ _____ the book yesterday.
9 He bought the book two weeks ago. He _____ _____ the book ____ two weeks.
10 You're very kind to help me with my maths.
___ __ very kind ___ you ___ help me with my maths.
11 My grandfather died ten years ago.
My grandfather ______ ______ ______ ______ ten years ago.
12 I think it is different from Chinese names. I don't think it is _____ _____ as Chinese names.
13 They planted millions of trees to se the farmland.
They planted millions of trees _____ _____ the farmland _____ ____ sed.
15The man thinks the same as I. The man ______ ______ me.
初中生有哪些学习英文语法的技巧?
篇一 :开头句型
1. As far as …is concerned就……而言
2. It goes without saying that,不言而喻,
3. It can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说……
4. As the proverb says,正如谚语所说的,
5. It has to be noticed that…它必须注意到,…
6. It‘s generally recognized that…它普遍认为…
7. It‘s likely that … 这可能是因为…
8. It‘s hardly that…这是很难的……
9. It‘s hardly too much to say that…它几乎没有太多的说…
10. What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是
11. There‘s no denying the fact that…毫无疑问,无可否认
12. Nothing is more important than the fact that…没有什么比这更重要的是… 13.what‘s far more important is that…更重要的是…
篇二 :衔接句型
1. A case in point is … 一个典型的例子是…
2. As is often the case…由于通常情况下…
3. As stated in the Pvious paragraph如前段所述
4. But the problem is not so simple.Therefore然而问题并非如此简单,所以……
5. But it‘s a pity that…但遗憾的是…
6. For all that…对于这一切…… In spite of the fact that…尽管事实……
7. Further, we hold opinion that…此外,我们坚持认为,…
8. However , the difficulty lies in…然而,困难在于…
9. Similarly, we should pay attention to…同样,我们要注意…
10. not(that)…but(that)…不是,而是
11. In view of the Psent station。鉴于目前形势
12. As has been mentioned above…正如上面所提到的…
13. In this respect, we may as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说
14. However, we he to look at the other side of the coin, that is…然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面,即…
篇三 :结尾句型
1. I will conclude by saying…最后我要说…
2. Therefore, we he the reason to believe that…因此,我们有理由相信…
3. All things considered,总而言之It may be safely said that…它可以有把握地说……
4. Therefore, in my opinion, it‘s more advisable…因此,在我看来,更可取的是…
5. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论…
6. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…通过数据我们得到的结论是,…
7. It can be concluded from the discussion that…从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8. From my point of view, it would be better if…在我看来……也许更好
;初中英语语法教学讲解中的一些方法和技巧?
初中生学习英文语法的技巧有很多,以下是一些建议:
1.理解基本概念:首先,学生需要了解英语语法的基本概念,如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。这些基本概念是学习语法的基础。
2.学习句子结构:英语句子的基本结构包括主语、谓语和宾语。学生应该学会如何构建简单的句子,并逐渐扩展到复杂的句子结构。
3.掌握时态和语态:时态和语态是英语语法中的重要部分。学生应该学会使用不同的时态来表达过去、现在和将来的动作,并了解被动语态的用法。
4.学习连词和从句:连词和从句可以帮助学生构建复杂的句子。学生应该学会使用不同的连词来连接句子,并了解如何使用从句来扩展句子。
5.多读多写:阅读和写作是提高语法能力的有效方法。学生应该多读英文文章,注意句子结构和语法规则的运用,并尝试用所学的语法知识来写作。
6.做练习题:做语法练习题可以帮助学生巩固所学的语法知识,并提高语法运用的能力。学生可以通过课本、练习册或在线找到适合自己的练习题。
7.寻求帮助:如果学生在学习语法过程中遇到困难,可以向老师、同学或家长寻求帮助。他们可以提供解答和指导,帮助学生理解和掌握语法知识。
总之,学习英文语法需要不断的练习和积累。通过理解基本概念、学习句子结构、掌握时态和语态、学习连词和从句、多读多写、做练习题以及寻求帮助,初中生可以提高自己的英文语法水平。
初中英语句子成分例句及详解
初中英语的学习中,英语语法是必须要学习的。听、说、读、写四项基本能力都离不开语法的应用,尤其是写作,如果语法学习不好的话,是不可能写一篇高水准的作文。英语语法和我们的汉语差别是很大的,在英语的教学方法中也肯定有差别,尤其是我们日常接触英语的机会不多,没有一个良好的英语练习环境,所以就更需要加强英语语法规则的学习了。我们来探讨下,日常的初中英语语法的一些教学方法。
目前的初中英语语法教学以课堂上的讲解为主,大部分学生处于被动接受和机械记忆为主,这样虽然能掌握很多英语语法规则,但是在实际应用中,却难以熟练的在交流中运用起来。这种英语语法的讲解方式,时间长了就会让学生感到枯燥乏味,慢慢的有可能产生厌学情绪。现在很多优秀的外教老师,由于自身的母语是英语,很容易就能分析清楚英语语法的学习诀窍,通过在线教学的方法,让越来越多的学生受益。所以我们的课堂教学可以借鉴外教老师的教学方式,提起学生学习语法的兴趣。
传统的语法教学以规则说明与解说,并且以教师讲解为主,而非在交流与运用中讨论语法形式的意义与功能。教师只是一味地单向灌输,学生被动接受。这样学生只是以机械记忆为主,随时掌握了很多规则,却无法再交流中运用。这样学生只会感觉枯燥乏味,同时在口头表达中会出现很多不合乎语法规则的中式英语,没有从根本上达到学习语法的目的。
有的老师在新课标的标准下,弱化了英语语法的教学,这样导致了初中英语语法和高中英语语法的脱节。初中英语语法的学习是高中语法学习的基石,一定要让学生了解语法的结构和变化方式,才能整体上提高英语水平。在实际教学中,可以把英语语法和真实的对话情境相结合,模拟生活中的日常对话,来熟悉英语语法的应用。只有改变目前单一、过于重视语音形式的教学,以实际运用能力的提高为目标,才能为日后的英语学习打好基础。
初中英语语法的教学还可以与经典句子相结合,多总结一些典型句式,既能掌握语法句型,又能提供写作材料。各种模仿、扩展、活用句型的练习,对于语法知识的掌握,将语法知识转换为语言能力都大有帮助。
总之,初中英语语法的讲解,要以多练为主,多借鉴网上的一些新颖教学方法。通过在线的学习和玩乐,让英语语法的应用落实到实际运用中。
1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins he porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. he D. breakfast
3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in.(副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The lees he turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:
I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He ge me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)
We will make them hy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll he my bike repaired. (过去分词)
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world.(数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I he an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
(六) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was trelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he lee any message for me?
参 考 答 案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school
③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground
(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off
(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语
③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语
⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语