英语的句子组成结构和语法的区别_英语的句子组成结构和语法的区别

1.英语的语法结构类型

2.英语句法和语法的区别

语法结构其实就是语法，是一非常宽泛的概念，包括语态，时态，人称，搭配等等

短语和句式完全是两码事，短语是超过一个 英文单词结合在一起形成的固定的组成部分；句式应该说是句子结构的组成吧，比如主谓结构，主谓宾结构，主谓补结构等等

英语的语法结构类型

Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分.句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语）,表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分.▲句子成分分类1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”.一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如：讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.▲ 在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间.如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.▲ 在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语.如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house.2．谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致.如：He is very generous.She looks very smart and coolWe he finished the job.He can speak German.3．表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面. 形容词作表语You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are at the theatre.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.4．宾语▲宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面.有时,会有双宾语.如：名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.代词做宾语He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time.▲直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是及物动词的对象.但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当.如：We brought them some food.主 谓 间宾 直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to 或 for.5．宾语的补足语 在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思.我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语.复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思.名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.形容词作宾补Don’t make your hands dirty.副词作宾补We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.带to的不定式作宾补The boy ordered the dog to lie down.现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：▲“宾语+名词”.常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, lee等. We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor.▲“宾语+形容词”.常见的动词有think, believe, lee, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等.如：Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean.We can’t lee him alone.Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?▲“宾语+副词”.副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系.常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等.如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.▲“宾语+介词短语”.介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态,两者有主表的关系.如： We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend.He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.▲“宾语+不定式”.充当宾补的不定式有三种： A 要求带to的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.▲“宾语+现在分词”.现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系. I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”.宾语和宾补之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动和完成. I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.▲ 形式宾语＋形容词 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.▲宾语+what 从句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.6．定语▲ 定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语.因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语.如： 形容词作定语 The black bike is mine. 代词作定语 What’s your name?名词作定语They made some paper flowers.介词短语作定语 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短语 I he lots to eat and drink.从句作定语 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.▲ 在英语中,并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面,有的是放在被修饰词的后面,故称“后置定语”.▲ 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置.如： We’ll go to he something English. If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else. Do you he anything important to tell me?▲介词短语作定语时要后置.如： Do you know the boy behind the tree?

The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置 What about something to drink? I he no time to trel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.注 动词不定式作主语时,to 后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语.如果时短语时,那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的. Do you he any piece of music to listen to? ▲nearby, below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置.如：We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below?The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.7．状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当.状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首、句中.如： He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well.

英语句法和语法的区别

英语的语法结构类型有简单句、并列句和复合句。

1、简单句

简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来，如五大基本句型：主语+谓语、主语+系动词+表语、主语+谓语+宾语、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

2、并列句

两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and, but, or, so等。并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。

3、复合句

复杂句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主要有名词性从句在句子中起名词作用、主语从句作句子主语、宾语从句名词句用作宾语、表语从句在句中作表语、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，同位语从句通常由that引导。

英语语法的重要性

1、在日常生活中

语法可以让我们获得对于语言系统性的认识；可以让我们在日常交流中用更加准确的方式表达我们的想法；语法是打开掌握英语的高级用法的通行证，除去在写作题上的用处，语法还对阅读有很重要的意义。

2、对阅读的重要性

阅读作为考试的难点之一，在考试中占了很大一部分分值，也有大部分学生在英语考试中，阅读失分得比较严重，也找不到原因。阅读理解是对学生的全面考察。词汇的积累是保证正确语速的一部分，语法的理解也是关键。

3、对写作的重要性

语法是写作中不可缺少的一部分，尤其是在考试中。如果你想减少在重要考试中作文部分的失分，那么就要多写一些精彩的句子。如果你没有很好地掌握语法，会很容易误用语法，不仅写句子不流畅，也会导致文章写得不够好，会被扣分。

任何一种自然语言的语法规律（或语法现象），是指该语言中的句子、短语、词汇的逻辑、结构特征以及构成方式，而语法包括对语法规律进行的总结描述或对语言使用的规范或限定；在不同的语境中，这种规律或规则也称作语法规范、语法规则等。而研究语法规律、规则及其构成方法的各种理论，则为语法学、语法理论或文法，属于语言学的范畴。在不同的语境中，语法一词，实际上可以指以上任何一种概念，而有时也仅关心句子由词汇构成的规律（即句法，Syntax）